Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers for
Additional Capacity

In perfect parallel operation of two or more transformers, current in each transformer would be directly proportional to the transformer

capacity, and the arithmetic sum would equal one-half the total current.

In practice, this is seldom achieved because of small variations in transformers.

However, there are conditions for operating transformers in parallel.

✓Any combination of positive and negative polarity transformers can be used.

However, in all cases, numerical notations must be followed on both primary and secondary connections.

That is H1 connected to H1, H2 connected to H2, and X1 connected to

X1, X2 connected to X2, X3 connected to X3.

Note that each subscript number on a transformer must be connected to the

same subscript number on the other transformer as shown in figure.

With positive and negative polarity transformers, the location of X1 and X2 connections on the tanks will be reversed.

Care must be exercised to ensure that terminals are connected, as stated above. See above figure .

✓ Tap settings must be identical.

✓ Voltage ratings must be identical; this, of course, makes the

turns ratios also identical.

✓The percent impedance of one transformer must be between 92½% and 107½% of the other.

✓ Otherwise, circulating currents between the two transformers would be excessive.

✓Frequencies must be identical. Standard frequency in the United States is 60 hertz and usually will not present a problem.

One will notice, from the above requirements paralleled transformers do not have to be the same size.

However, to meet the percent impedance requirement, they must be nearly the same size.

Most utilities will not parallel transformers if they are more than one

standard kVA size rating different from each other; otherwise, circulating currents are excessive.

Welcome Smart EE